Speak Louder Than the Ballot: A Cognitive Study to Election Abstention Metaphors
Keywords:
Metaphor, Cognitive Approach, Political Discourse, Election Abstention
Abstract
There have been few studies that highlight the use of metaphor in political discourse and election, but none of those studies focus on the election abstention –known in Indonesia as Golput phenomena- and the discussion of the intertwined components in metaphor. This research aims to investigate various metaphor components in the metaphorical description used to describe the abstention during the Indonesian election 2019 within the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980). Kovecses (2003) highlighted components of metaphor are also used to examine the essential components of conceptual metaphor in the use. The sources of data were from five foreign media reports that discuss the Indonesian issue of election abstention. The result shows there few essential components that can be revealed behind a metaphor such as the importance of mental image, cultural context, and highlighted elements in metaphor that contribute to the metaphorical function and interpretation
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References
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SPERBER, D., & WILSON, D. (1986). Relevance: Communication and Cognition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Inc.
Steen, G. (2010). A method for linguistic metaphor identification. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Stefanowitsch, A. (2006). Corpus-based Approaches to Metaphor and Metonymy. In A. Stefanowitsch & S. T. GRIES (Eds.), Corpus-based Approaches to Metaphor and Metonymy. Berlin;New York: M. de Gruyter.
Stojan, N., & Mijić, S. N. (2019). Conceptual Metaphors in Political Discourse in Croatian, American and Italian Newspapers. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 8(1), 69–76. https://doi.org/10.2478/ajis-2019-0007
Thibodeau, P. H., Hendricks, R. K., & Boroditsky, L. (2017, November 1). How Linguistic Metaphor Scaffolds Reasoning. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Vol. 21, pp. 852–863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2017.07.001
Treguer, P. (n.d.). Origin Of ‘To Jump On The Bandwagon.’ Retrieved from https://wordhistories.net/2018/01/22/jump-bandwagon-origin/
Umar, L., & Rasul, S. (2017). Critical Metaphor Analysis: Nawaz Sharif and the Myth of a Golden Time. NUML Journal of Critical Inquiry, 152(2), 78–102.
Vertessen, D., & Landtsheer, C. De. (2005). A Metaphorical Election Style ? Patterns of symbolic language use in Belgian politics . (Vol. 32).
Walton, K. (2019, April 9). “Golputâ€: Why a number of Indonesians will not be voting. Al Jazeera. Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/04/number-indonesians-voting-190408010647247.html
Wodak, R. (2009). Language and Politics. In J. Culpeper, F. Katamba, & P. Kerswill (Eds.), English Language: Description, Variation and Context (pp. 576–593). Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Yanuarti, S. (2009). Golput dan pemilu di Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Politik, 6(1), 21–32.
Adam, M., & Wahyuni, W. (2020). The Image of Climate Crisis in Media: A Conceptual Metaphor Analysis. Journal of Language and Literature, 20(1), 10–24. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/joll.v20i1.2413
Anam, M. S., & Somantri, G. R. (2020). Abstentions in 2014 and 2019 Indonesian elections: Case study of pro-democracy activists. Simulacra, 3(1), 27–42. https://doi.org/10.21107/sml.v3i1.7307
Antonova, T. G. (2014). Social Conflict through Conceptual Metaphor in Media Discourse. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 154(October), 368–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.10.165
Budiman, A. (2019). War Metaphors in Political Contestation Prior to 2019 Presidential Election. 349(Iccd), 43–46. https://doi.org/10.2991/iccd-19.2019.12
Charteris-Black, J. (2004). Corpus approaches to critical metaphor analysis. In Corpus Approaches to Critical Metaphor Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230000612
Chilton, P. (2004). Analysing political discourse: Theory and practice. London: Routledge.
Äurović, T., & SilaÅ¡ki, N. (2010). Metaphors we vote by The case of MARRIAGE in contemporary Serbian political discourse*. Journal of Language and Politics, 9(2), 237–259. https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.9.2.04dur
Fallah, N., & Moini, M. R. (2016). A critical metaphor analysis of Arab uprisings in “The Washington Post†and “Keyhan†editorials. Metaphor & the Social World, 6(1), 79–102.
Fettling, D. (2019, April 16). Indonesia’s golput movement exposes Australian stereotypes of our nearest neighbour. ABC News. Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-04-16/indonesias-golput-movement-exposes-australian-stereotypes/11003476
Gibbs, R. W., & de Macedo, A. C. P. S. (2010). Metaphor and embodied cognition. DELTA Documentacao de Estudos Em Linguistica Teorica e Aplicada, 26(SPL.ISS.), 679–700. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-44502010000300014
Goatly, A. (1997). The Language of Metaphors. London: Routledge.
Golding, A. (2015). Mental imagery and metaphor. Porto Alegre, 8(1), 20–32. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1984-4301.2015.1.19608
Knowles, M., & Rosamund, M. (2006). Introducing Metaphor. In Introducing Metaphor. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203642368
Kovecses, Z. (2003). Language, Figurative Thought, and Cross-Cultural Comparison. Metaphor & Symbol, 18(4), 311–320.
Kovecses, Z. (2005). Metaphor in Culture. Universality and Variation. New York/Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kovecses, Z. (2010). Metaphor - A Practical Introduction. London: Oxford University Press.
Lakoff, G and Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphor We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lakoff, G., & others. (1993). The contemporary theory of metaphor. Metaphor and Thought, Vol. 2, pp. 202–251. Retrieved from http://www.cogsci.ucsd.edu/~coulson/203/lakoff_ps.pdf
Lakoff, George. (2012). Explaining Embodied Cognition Results. Topics in Cognitive Science, 4(4), 773–785. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2012.01222.x
Landau, M., Robinson, M., & Meier, B. (Eds.). (2013). The Power of Metaphor: Examining Its Influence on Social Life. Washington .D.C: American Psychological Association.
Lane, M., & Yew-Foong, H. (2019, January 31). Indonesia election: Joko Widodo’s latest challenge may come from people refusing to vote. South China Morning Post. Retrieved from https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/opinion/article/2184317/indonesia-election-joko-widodos-latest-challenge-may-come-people
Littlemore, J., & Low, G. (2006). Figurative thinking and foreign language learning. Figurative Thinking and Foreign Language Learning, 1–239. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230627567
Lopukhina, A., Laurinavichyute, A., Lopukhin, K., & Dragoy, O. (2018). The mental representation of polysemy across word classes. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(FEB), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00192
Lyons, J. (1977). Semantics (Vol. 2). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mariska, M. A. (2019). Golput and Its Implications. RSIS Commentary No.068 – 10 April 2019. (068).
Mussolf, A. (2012). The study of metaphor as part of critical discourse analysis. Critical Discourse Studies, 9(3), 301–310. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2012.688300
News, V. (2019, January 29). For Indonesian Millennials, Abstentions Are an Appealing Option. VOANews. Retrieved from https://www.voanews.com/east-asia/indonesian-millennials-abstentions-are-appealing-option
Promchertchoo, P. (2019, April 15). To vote or not to vote, that is the question for many Indonesians ahead of election. Channel News Asia. Retrieved from https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/to-vote-not-to-vote-question-for-many-indonesian-voters-election-11447492
Purnamasari, D. (2018). Gelombang Golput yang Tak Pernah Surut. Tirto.Id. Retrieved from https://tirto.id/gelombang-golput-yang-tak-pernah-surut-cVnc
SPERBER, D., & WILSON, D. (1986). Relevance: Communication and Cognition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Inc.
Steen, G. (2010). A method for linguistic metaphor identification. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Stefanowitsch, A. (2006). Corpus-based Approaches to Metaphor and Metonymy. In A. Stefanowitsch & S. T. GRIES (Eds.), Corpus-based Approaches to Metaphor and Metonymy. Berlin;New York: M. de Gruyter.
Stojan, N., & Mijić, S. N. (2019). Conceptual Metaphors in Political Discourse in Croatian, American and Italian Newspapers. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 8(1), 69–76. https://doi.org/10.2478/ajis-2019-0007
Thibodeau, P. H., Hendricks, R. K., & Boroditsky, L. (2017, November 1). How Linguistic Metaphor Scaffolds Reasoning. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Vol. 21, pp. 852–863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2017.07.001
Treguer, P. (n.d.). Origin Of ‘To Jump On The Bandwagon.’ Retrieved from https://wordhistories.net/2018/01/22/jump-bandwagon-origin/
Umar, L., & Rasul, S. (2017). Critical Metaphor Analysis: Nawaz Sharif and the Myth of a Golden Time. NUML Journal of Critical Inquiry, 152(2), 78–102.
Vertessen, D., & Landtsheer, C. De. (2005). A Metaphorical Election Style ? Patterns of symbolic language use in Belgian politics . (Vol. 32).
Walton, K. (2019, April 9). “Golputâ€: Why a number of Indonesians will not be voting. Al Jazeera. Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/04/number-indonesians-voting-190408010647247.html
Wodak, R. (2009). Language and Politics. In J. Culpeper, F. Katamba, & P. Kerswill (Eds.), English Language: Description, Variation and Context (pp. 576–593). Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Yanuarti, S. (2009). Golput dan pemilu di Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Politik, 6(1), 21–32.
Published
2021-12-20
How to Cite
Adam, M. (2021). Speak Louder Than the Ballot: A Cognitive Study to Election Abstention Metaphors. K@ta: A Biannual Publication on the Study of Languange and Literature, 23(2), 69-76. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.9744/kata.23.2.69-76
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License
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